Science and Nation Making

  In this post, notes of “Unit 4: Science and Nation Making” from “GE – 2: Science, Technologies, and Humans: Contested Histories” are given which is helpful for the students doing graduation this year. 1. Atomic Power 1.1 Introduction to Atomic Energy Discovery of Atomic Fission Global Context 1.2 Atomic Energy in India’s Nation-Building Post-Colonial Aspirations Strategic […]

Economics of Technologies: Questions of Ethics

  In this post, notes of “Unit 3: Economics of Technologies: Questions of Ethics” from “GE – 2: Science, Technologies, and Humans: Contested Histories” are given which is helpful for the students doing graduation this year. Generic Medicines Introduction to Generic Medicines Key points include: Pharmaceutical Patents and Intellectual Property Rights Why Patents Matter: Once the patent […]

Science: Contestation and Exchanges

  In this post, notes of “Unit 2: Science: Contestation and Exchanges” from “GE – 2: Science, Technologies, and Humans: Contested Histories” are given which is helpful for the students doing graduation this year. Decimal and Zero Origins and Early Development Ancient Number Systems Early Ideas of Zero In summary, the early number systems show different ways […]

William Wordsworth: (i) ‘Tintern Abbey’ (ii) ‘London’

– Introduction to William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (1770–1850) was an English poet known for his role in the Romantic movement. His poems focus on nature, human feelings, and how we think. Wordsworth’s writing was important because it emphasized emotions, personal experiences, and the beauty of nature. Below is a simple overview of his life, the […]

William Blake: Songs of Innocence and Experience

Introduction to William Blake Biography and historical context William Blake (1757–1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. He is often seen as one of the most imaginative figures in Western literature and art. Blake was born in London during a time of great change, including the Industrial Revolution and the American and French Revolutions, […]

Summary of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning

– Introduction to Robert Browning   – Biography and historical context Robert Browning (1812–1889) was an English poet and playwright known for his skill in writing dramatic monologues. In these poems, a single character shares their thoughts and feelings in an emotional way. Browning was born in Camberwell, London, to a wealthy merchant, which allowed […]

Summary of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

– Introduction to Charles Dickens   – Biography and historical context Charles Dickens (1812–1870) was a famous English writer and social critic, known as one of the best novelists of his time. He was born in Portsmouth, England, and grew up during a time of great change due to the Industrial Revolution. His childhood experiences, […]

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