In this post, notes of Unit 3 (Reading Drama – Mahesh Dattani: “Tara”) from DSC – 1 (Introduction to Literary Studies) are given which is helpful for the students doing graduation this year.
Introduction to Mahesh Dattani and his historical context
Mahesh Dattani is a renowned Indian playwright, director, and actor, born on August 7, 1958, in Bangalore, India. He is considered one of the leading contemporary playwrights in the Indian English theater scene. Dattani’s works often explore societal issues, human relationships, and the complexities of identity and self-discovery. He has made significant contributions to Indian theater, receiving acclaim both nationally and internationally.
Historical Backgorund of Mahesh Dattani:
- Emergence of Indian English Theater:
Mahesh Dattani’s career unfolded during a time when Indian English theater was gaining prominence. In the post-independence era, there was a growing interest in exploring diverse narratives, and English became a medium to reach a wider audience, transcending linguistic barriers.
- Cultural and Social Transformations:
Dattani’s works reflect the changing social and cultural landscape of India, particularly the shifts in traditional norms and values. His plays often address issues such as gender roles, sexuality, communalism, and the clash between modernity and tradition.
- 1980s and 1990s:
Dattani rose to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s, a period marked by a burgeoning awareness of identity politics, women’s rights, and a re-examination of cultural values. This was also a time of economic liberalization and globalization in India, influencing societal attitudes and behaviors.
- Impact of Global Theater Trends:
Dattani’s exposure to global theater trends has shaped his approach to playwriting and directing. He combines Indian themes with modern storytelling techniques, creating a unique blend that appeals to both Indian and international audiences.
- Breaking Stereotypes:
Mahesh Dattani’s works are known for challenging stereotypes and confronting societal taboos. Through his characters and narratives, he encourages audiences to question prevailing norms and rethink their perspectives on issues like sexuality, mental health, and cultural expectations.
Key Works by Mahesh Dattani:
- “Tara” (1990):
“Tara” is one of Dattani’s early plays and revolves around the dynamics within a joint Indian family. It explores themes of identity, acceptance, and the impact of societal expectations on individual lives.
- “Final Solutions” (2003):
This play, set against the backdrop of communal tensions in Gujarat, delves into the complexities of religious identity and the consequences of fanaticism. It received critical acclaim for its powerful portrayal of a sensitive and relevant subject.
- “Bravely Fought the Queen” (1991):
The play addresses the exploration of sexuality and the struggles faced by the LGBTQ+ community in a conservative society. Dattani’s nuanced approach to the subject matter is evident in this work.
- “Dance Like a Man” (1989):
This play explores the world of classical dance and the impact of societal expectations on individual aspirations. It touches upon themes of gender roles and the sacrifices made for societal acceptance.
Mahesh Dattani Tara summary and analyses
“Tara” is a play written by Mahesh Dattani, first premiered in 1989. The play explores the dynamics of a joint Indian family and addresses issues of identity, acceptance, and the impact of societal expectations on individual lives. Here is a summary and analysis of “Tara“:
short summary of “tara” by mahesh dattani:
- “Tara” revolves around the Mehras, a wealthy and seemingly happy joint family living in a traditional Indian setting. The family consists of three generations living together under one roof. The central conflict of the play arises when the youngest daughter-in-law, Tara, is suspected of having an extramarital affair.
- The suspicion and rumors about Tara’s fidelity create tension and mistrust within the family. As the accusations intensify, Tara is ostracized and becomes an outcast. The play unfolds through a series of flashbacks, revealing the events that led to Tara’s isolation.
- The family’s patriarch, Shyam Mehta, is a conservative and authoritarian figure who struggles to come to terms with the changing values of the younger generation. Tara’s husband, Dev, is caught between his loyalty to his wife and the pressure from his family. The play explores the clash between tradition and modernity, the impact of societal norms on individual choices, and the consequences of rigid gender roles.
- As the family confronts its internal conflicts, the play also addresses broader themes such as the role of women in society, the power dynamics within families, and the challenges of navigating personal identity within the constraints of cultural expectations.
mahesh dattani “tara” analysis:
- Traditional vs. Modern Values:
“Tara” vividly depicts the tension between traditional values and the changing societal norms of the time. The conflict arises as the family grapples with evolving ideas about relationships, marriage, and individual freedom.
- Gender Roles:
The play delves into the restrictive gender roles prevalent in traditional Indian families. Tara’s character challenges these roles, and her perceived transgressions force the family to confront its deeply ingrained beliefs about the behavior expected from women.
- Family Dynamics:
The dynamics within the joint family structure are explored with nuance. The play portrays the complexities of relationships among different generations and the struggle for autonomy within the confines of familial expectations.
- Social Stigma:
“Tara” addresses the impact of societal judgment and stigma on individuals who deviate from accepted norms. Tara becomes a victim of gossip and suspicion, reflecting the harsh consequences of societal expectations on personal lives.
- Generational Conflict:
The conflict between Shyam Mehta, representing the older generation, and the younger members of the family reflects the broader generational gap in attitudes and values. The play captures the challenges of navigating cultural shifts within a family context.
In conclusion, Mahesh Dattani’s “Tara” is a powerful exploration of family dynamics, societal expectations, and the clash between tradition and modernity. Through its well-drawn characters and compelling narrative, the play invites audiences to reflect on the complexities of identity and the consequences of rigid social norms.
Themes and issues of ‘Tara’ By Mahesh Dattani:
“Tara” by Mahesh Dattani explores various themes and issues, providing a nuanced portrayal of the complexities within an Indian joint family. Here are the key themes and issues addressed in the play:
- Gender Roles and Expectations:
The play delves into traditional gender roles and societal expectations, particularly those imposed on women. Tara’s character challenges these roles, prompting a critical examination of the limitations placed on women in terms of their behavior, choices, and aspirations.
- Identity and Individual Autonomy:
The theme of individual identity and autonomy is central to “Tara.” The characters, especially Tara, struggle to assert their own identities in the face of societal expectations and family pressures. The play highlights the conflicts that arise when personal desires clash with traditional norms.
- Marriage and Relationships:
The institution of marriage and the dynamics of relationships are explored in the context of the Mehras’ joint family. The play raises questions about the expectations placed on individuals within a marriage and the consequences of failing to conform to societal norms.
- Generational Conflict:
“Tara” portrays the generational conflict between the older and younger members of the family. Shyam Mehta, the patriarch, represents traditional values, while the younger characters embody a desire for change and independence. This conflict underscores the broader societal shift in attitudes and values.
- Social Stigma and Gossip:
The play addresses the impact of social stigma and gossip on individuals who deviate from societal norms. Tara becomes the subject of gossip and suspicion, highlighting the harsh consequences of judgment and the difficulty of navigating one’s personal life in a community-oriented society.
- Communication and Misunderstanding:
The breakdown of communication within the Mehras’ family contributes to the misunderstandings and conflicts that drive the narrative. The play underscores the importance of open communication in fostering understanding and resolving familial issues.
- Cultural Clashes:
“Tara” explores the clash between traditional Indian culture and the influences of modernity. The characters embody varying degrees of adherence to cultural norms, leading to tensions within the family. This theme reflects the broader societal struggle to reconcile tradition with changing times.
- Individual vs. Collective Identity:
The tension between individual identity and collective identity within the family is a recurring theme. The characters must navigate their personal aspirations and desires while considering the impact of their choices on the family unit.
- Power Dynamics within the Family:
The play examines the power dynamics within the joint family, particularly the authority exercised by the patriarch, Shyam Mehta. It raises questions about the distribution of power, decision-making processes, and the challenges faced by those who resist conforming to established familial structures.
- Acceptance and Rejection:
The theme of acceptance and rejection is prevalent in the play. Tara faces rejection from the family due to suspicions about her behavior, highlighting the consequences of nonconformity and the struggle for acceptance within a conservative environment.
In summary, “Tara” weaves a rich tapestry of themes and issues, providing a thought-provoking exploration of gender, identity, family dynamics, generational conflicts, and societal expectations in the context of an Indian joint family. The play invites audiences to reflect on the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of navigating personal autonomy within a traditional cultural framework.
Form and structure of Tara:
The form and structure of a play like “Tara” by Mahesh Dattani play a crucial role in conveying the narrative, themes, and character development. Here is an analysis of the form and structure of “Tara”:
Dialogue:
- Naturalistic Dialogue: Dattani’s writing often incorporates naturalistic dialogue, capturing the rhythms and nuances of everyday speech. This style lends authenticity to the characters and helps in establishing a connection between the audience and the characters.
- Subtextual Conversations: The play employs subtext in dialogues, meaning that characters may not always express their true thoughts explicitly. Much of the drama and conflict arise from what remains unsaid, adding depth to the characters and their relationships.
Scenes:
- Flashbacks: “Tara” utilizes flashbacks to unravel the events leading to the central conflict. This non-linear structure adds layers to the storytelling, allowing the audience to piece together the narrative gradually.
- Intimate Family Scenes: The play often features intimate family scenes, emphasizing the dynamics and tensions within the Mehras’ joint family structure. These scenes contribute to character development and reveal the intricacies of relationships.
Symbolism:
- Tara’s Garden: The garden symbolizes a space of potential growth, freedom, and personal identity. Tara’s connection to the garden reflects her desire for autonomy and self-discovery.
- Locked Doors and Windows: Symbolic of the closed-off nature of the family, locked doors and windows represent the barriers to communication and understanding within the Mehras’ household.
Stage Directions:
- Physicality of Characters: Dattani’s stage directions may emphasize the physicality of characters, providing insights into their emotional states and relationships. Gestures, postures, and movements contribute to the overall theatrical experience.
- Setting Details: The play’s setting is likely described in detail in the stage directions, influencing the atmosphere and mood. The physical environment may mirror the emotional climate within the family.
Character Monologues:
- Insight into Characters’ Minds: Monologues, if present, offer a direct window into the characters’ thoughts and emotions. This technique provides the audience with deeper insights into the internal struggles of the characters.
Repetition and Motifs:
- Recurring Motifs: The play may employ repetition of certain elements or motifs to underscore key themes. This repetition serves to reinforce the central ideas and create a cohesive structure.
- Musical Motifs: If applicable, musical elements or motifs could be used to enhance the emotional impact of the play, providing a sensory layer to the theatrical experience.
Pacing and Rhythm:
- Varied Pacing: The play may have moments of heightened tension and slower, reflective passages. The pacing contributes to the overall rhythm of the narrative, keeping the audience engaged and invested in the unfolding story.
Structure of Revelations:
- Gradual Unveiling: The play likely reveals critical information gradually, building suspense and intrigue. The structure of revelations contributes to the overall dramatic arc and keeps the audience invested in the unfolding narrative.
In summary, the form and structure of “Tara” involve a combination of naturalistic dialogue, symbolic elements, effective stage directions, and a non-linear narrative structure. These elements work together to create a rich and engaging theatrical experience, allowing the audience to delve into the complexities of the characters and themes explored in the play.
Critical reception and legacy of Tara
The form and structure of a play like “Tara” by Mahesh Dattani play a crucial role in conveying the narrative, themes, and character development. Here is an analysis of the form and structure of “Tara”:
Dialogue:
- Naturalistic Dialogue: Dattani’s writing often incorporates naturalistic dialogue, capturing the rhythms and nuances of everyday speech. This style lends authenticity to the characters and helps in establishing a connection between the audience and the characters.
- Subtextual Conversations: The play employs subtext in dialogues, meaning that characters may not always express their true thoughts explicitly. Much of the drama and conflict arise from what remains unsaid, adding depth to the characters and their relationships.
Scenes:
- Flashbacks: “Tara” utilizes flashbacks to unravel the events leading to the central conflict. This non-linear structure adds layers to the storytelling, allowing the audience to piece together the narrative gradually.
- Intimate Family Scenes: The play often features intimate family scenes, emphasizing the dynamics and tensions within the Mehras’ joint family structure. These scenes contribute to character development and reveal the intricacies of relationships.
Symbolism:
- Tara’s Garden: The garden symbolizes a space of potential growth, freedom, and personal identity. Tara’s connection to the garden reflects her desire for autonomy and self-discovery.
- Locked Doors and Windows: Symbolic of the closed-off nature of the family, locked doors and windows represent the barriers to communication and understanding within the Mehras’ household.
Stage Directions:
- Physicality of Characters: Dattani’s stage directions may emphasize the physicality of characters, providing insights into their emotional states and relationships. Gestures, postures, and movements contribute to the overall theatrical experience.
- Setting Details: The play’s setting is likely described in detail in the stage directions, influencing the atmosphere and mood. The physical environment may mirror the emotional climate within the family.(A Midwinter Nights Dram)
Character Monologues:
- Insight into Characters’ Minds: Monologues, if present, offer a direct window into the characters’ thoughts and emotions. This technique provides the audience with deeper insights into the internal struggles of the characters.
Repetition and Motifs:
- Recurring Motifs: The play may employ repetition of certain elements or motifs to underscore key themes. This repetition serves to reinforce the central ideas and create a cohesive structure.
- Musical Motifs: If applicable, musical elements or motifs could be used to enhance the emotional impact of the play, providing a sensory layer to the theatrical experience.
Pacing and Rhythm:
- Varied Pacing: The play may have moments of heightened tension and slower, reflective passages. The pacing contributes to the overall rhythm of the narrative, keeping the audience engaged and invested in the unfolding story.
Structure of Revelations:
- Gradual Unveiling: The play likely reveals critical information gradually, building suspense and intrigue. The structure of revelations contributes to the overall dramatic arc and keeps the audience invested in the unfolding narrative.
In summary, the form and structure of “Tara” involve a combination of naturalistic dialogue, symbolic elements, effective stage directions, and a non-linear narrative structure. These elements work together to create a rich and engaging theatrical experience, allowing the audience to delve into the complexities of the characters and themes explored in the play.
character analysis of tara by mahesh dattani
1. Tara Patel
Tara is one of the conjoined twins in the play. She has a disability because her family chose to give her leg to her brother Chandan during their surgery, even though it would have helped her survive better.
– Smart and Aware: Tara knows her family treats her brother better and sees through their pity for her.
– Emotionally Strong: She handles her challenges with humor and bravery, even though she feels betrayed inside.
– Symbol of Gender Bias: Tara’s life shows how society favors boys over girls. Her parents’ choice to help Chandan over her causes her frustration.
– Wants Independence: She longs for a normal life away from her mother’s protection and her father’s distance.
2. Chandan Patel (Dan)
Chandan is Tara’s twin brother. The story is told through his memories and feelings of guilt about their past. After the surgery, he does well physically while Tara struggles.
– Guilt and Trauma: Chandan feels guilty for what happened to Tara and this guilt affects him throughout his life. He moves to London and changes his name to escape his past.
– Emotionally Weak: Chandan avoids facing the past, which makes his emotional pain worse, unlike Tara, who confronts her situation.
– Close Bond with Tara: They share a strong bond, but Chandan often feels overshadowed by Tara’s strength.
3. Bharati Patel
Bharati is the mother of Tara and Chandan. Her guilt and love shape her character as she deals with societal pressures.
– Guilty and Overprotective: Bharati feels guilty for giving Chandan the leg, which leads her to be overly protective of Tara.
– Struggling Mentally: Her guilt affects her mental health, and she struggles to balance her love for Tara with her past decisions.
– Affected by Society: Bharati also reflects societal pressures to favor boys, which influences her actions toward her children.
4. Mr. Patel
Mr. Patel is the father of Tara and Chandan. He is practical but emotionally distant.
– Practical but Detached: He focuses on family finances and decisions but struggles to connect with his children’s feelings.
– Traditional Views: Like Bharati, he favors Chandan’s future, showing the typical preference for male children.
– Repressed Guilt: He hides his guilt about what happened to Tara and avoids discussing their painful past.
5. Dr. Thakkar
Dr. Thakkar is the surgeon who separated the twins. His role highlights the medical field’s gender biases.
– Complicit in Bias: He follows the family’s preference for a boy, showing how gender bias exists in medicine.
– Moral Blindness: Dr. Thakkar represents those who don’t question the ethics of their choices.
6. Roopa
Roopa is a neighbor who contrasts with Tara’s character. She shows society’s insensitivity toward people who are different.
– Cruel and Insensitive: Roopa makes hurtful comments and lacks empathy for Tara.
– Represents Society: She reflects society’s superficial views on disability and gender.
7. Grandfather
Although not present, Tara’s grandfather influences the family’s choices.
– Patriarchal Influence: He pressured the family to prioritize Chandan over Tara, embodying the societal preference for boys.
Themes through Characters
– Gender Discrimination: Tara’s story highlights how girls are often treated unfairly in a male-preferred society.
– Guilt and Responsibility: Characters deal with guilt in different ways, affecting their relationships and actions.
– Family and Betrayal: The family dynamics reveal themes of betrayal, especially Tara’s realization about her parents’ choices impacting her life.
In “Tara,” each character is affected by a significant choice, creating a story about gender bias, family expectations, guilt, and personal responsibility.